Immanuel Kant And Karl Marx - 1690 Words

The works of German philosopher’s Immanuel Kant and Karl Marx have played significant roles in the development of different sects of philosophy and religion. Immanuel Kant was born in 1724 in Konigsberg, East Prussia, now presently Kaliningrad, to a devout, poverty-stricken family of eleven children. Through his works, it is evident that Kant was raised in the religious teachings and values of pietism as his theories show a heavy influence of his religious upbringing. Kant as a young boy was accustomed to a routine of working and studying, and despite never travelling far from his hometown, he grew to be sociable and witty. Karl Marx was born almost a century later in the town of Trier, present-day Germany, in the year 1818 into a middle-class family. Marx studied a variety of disciplines, including law, philosophy and history, and became a preeminent philosopher, a revolutionary economist and a great leader. The revolutions of his time and his profound disapproval of the ca pitalist economic state inspired his works, particularly his concepts on authority and exploitation and his theory of history. This essay will compare the ethical and philosophical ideas of Immanuel Kant and Karl Marx. First, this paper will discuss the similarities between Kant’s theory of the person as an end, not as a mean to Marx’s idea of equality through a communist society. Second, it will discuss how Kant’s idea of freedom for all as method of achieving good will contrasts Marx’s idea ofShow MoreRelatedImmanuel Kant And Karl Marx3524 Words   |  15 PagesIn an effort to understand progress and its goal in humanity, philosophers Immanuel Kant and Karl Marx each present their theories with Kant believing progress is made through the reform brought on by antagonism and social instability in humanity which will ultimately lead to perpetual peace, while Marx argues progress comes in the form of a worker’s revolution and the adoption of true co mmunism that will lead to utopia. These German thinkers seek to define the guiding the force beneath humanity’sRead MoreKarl Marx And Its Impact On Society1306 Words   |  6 Pagesand services. Karl Marx believed in a utopian society where there isn’t a private ownership of production, where the state owns the means of production and the society would be classless. Although Marx did not believe in religion, parts of his theory can compare to certain ideas in the Bible. However, the eventual Communism that Marxism led to does not agree with God’s word. Influences of Marxism Karl Marx was born into a Jewish family in Trier, Germany in the year 1818. When Marx was a child, hisRead MoreKarl Marx s Influence On Society1423 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx may be regarded as one of the most influential thinkers and his views on how society functions have shaped the development of socialist and economic theories. Political philosophers have developed a variety of enlightened ideologies depicting how governments and societies are organized over the course of history. Marx’s influence by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel would lead to Marx’s view of history known as historical materialism, â€Å"Life is not determined by consciousness, but consciousnessRead MoreKant And Kant s Theory1368 Words   |  6 Pages Chapter 11: Question 8 What can be known According to Kant? Immanuel Kant (1731) was commonly known as the opponent of the utilitarianism. Kant believed that there are certain actions such as the murder, theft and lying that were prohibited regardless of the associated happiness that the action would bring. According to Kantian, there exist two questions, which human beings need to ask themselves before acting. One needs to rationalize, if everyone can act as he/ she proposes to act. If any caseRead MoreThe Social Construction Of The Industrial Revolution1150 Words   |  5 Pagessurplus by exposing anybody that was not the upper class. This tarnished the lower and middle class and they had to by any means, provide for themselves and their family. A new form of science was coming to be – social science. Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx defied all odds and opposed the quality of society. Today, these two men influenced us all in one way or another, but they have yet to see what long-term solitary confinement is like today; studying their t heories, one can try and see what theseRead MoreKarl Marx And The German Political System1427 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx was born on May 5th 1818 in Trier, Germany, which was then known as the Kingdom of Prussia. Karl was a philosopher, economist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His work in economics laid the basis for much of the current understanding of labor and it’s relation to capital, and subsequent economic thought. He was born into a wealthy upper middle-class family. He attended school at the University of Bonn and later he studied law and philosophy at the University of BerlinRead MoreThe Political Philosophy of Karl Raimund Popper1139 Words   |  5 PagesKarl Raimund popper (1902 to 1994) was an influential philosopher of science, who philosophized about society, in much the same way he philosophized about science-in a critical spirit. His personal experience, as an Austrian Jew in the days of the Nazi Anschluss (meaning link up or anne xation in the German language), provided him a wealth of firsthand experience and insights into the nature of totalitarian governments. At a point in poppers life he was an enthusiast of Marxist socialism,Read MoreIs Democracy Promotion A Mask For Hegemonic Power?1546 Words   |  7 Pagesthinkers say that the spread of democracy will lead to peace. Immanuel Kant was the first who talked about the liberal peace. In the essay â€Å"On Perpetual Peace†, Kant’s intention was to get out states from their natural state, the state of conflict or the permanent war. â€Å"The practicability and objective realization of this idea of Federalism, inasmuch as it has to spread itself over all States and thereby lead to Perpetual Peace† (Kant, 1795, p.20). In other words, the premise of Kant’s work is thatRead MoreModernity and Classical Sociology Theory Essays1855 Words   |  8 PagesClassical modernity. Early modernity consisted of theorists such as Immanuel Kant, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Adam Smith and Alexis de Tocqueville. Classical modernity consisted of theorists such as Karl Marx, Emile Durkhei m, and Max Weber. Many theorists have defined their own form of â€Å"modernity† which will be discussed throughout this paper. Karl Marx focused on Capitalism and the rise of social conflict as the basis of modernity. Marx felt that capitalism through industrialization had increased theRead MorePhilosophy 101 Essay826 Words   |  4 Pagesapologizes. Hegels philosophy of History, on of the greatest in the philosophy cannon, is the great philosophers greatest body of work. The philosophy of History is based on such ideals as the idea that Reason rules history. George Hegel used Immanuel Kants system of philosophy as a basis for his own, discarding a few ideas and adding some more. Particularly, he found fault with his idea of the underlying reality of everything, or noumena, can never be known. They exist in a plane outside of

Child Labor Essay - 960 Words

Child Labor Child Labor steals the childhood from the children. I am interested in child labor research because I personally experience it. When I lived in Nepal, I worked in a nut factory, and I was only in the fifth grades due to the financial problem. Many kids worked in hotels, in the house, and polished shoes to survive and to support their family, and some of my friends carried loads in building construction. I am curious to know how poverty increases the child labor and how it affects children’s dreams. I suspect the children’s side effect of doing adult’s work. I want to know does working as underage causes the lack of education and poor health issue. I had many questions about child labor, and I did research about how does Child†¦show more content†¦He said that child labor can be banned from giving them proper education. The second text I read was â€Å"India Plans Child Labor Reform† by Amy Kazmin. In this text the author argues that India moves forward to ban child labor for under thirdteen and let them go to school, but it hasn’t been totally follow. She states that the amendment consideration includes fines and punishment for having a child labor. Also, she says that legislature accepts to stop children working in factories, but she said it will be challenging. She mentions that Congress advisor said that advantage of education is more effective than benefits from child labor. However, she says fully preventing child labor would cause issues for the parent who depends on their kids’ income. But the Congress is working to defend children and let them be in school. She points that abolishing child labor is being neglected, but Unicef program, said banning child labor will take time and righteous laws helps to make changes. The third text I read was â€Å"India’s Child L abor Challenge† by Shashank Bengali. In this text the author argues that children do dangerous work full time for low wage, which harm their health and education, industry and parents depends on the children, and India is putting children’s life in a higher risk. He states that even children who are below teenage work in textileShow MoreRelated Child Labor Essay2301 Words   |  10 PagesChild Labor Child labor has been around for long time and it still exists in todays world. Thiskind of labor provides problems or difficulties in the economic world. Child labor is social problem with the rise of industrial production and capitalism. It appeared in earlier ages in agricultural societies when the children all around the world had to work along with 19th century, spreading to many countries. The problems started when many children, younger than ten years old, were employedRead MoreChild Labor Essay2202 Words   |  9 Pagesrushing carts. (Child labor, 1) Child labor through out history has been proven to affect child. Many things have happened in the past, which ruined the lives of children when they became older. Through time society has done many thing to help prevent child labor. In the U.S. laws have been created to stop companies from underpaying their young employees, making sure they arent hired too young, and to make sure their work is safe. Through time America has lowered the child labor rate, but in todaysRead MoreChild Labor Industrialization Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pagesthat they should be protected. However, those people believed in a child s capacity to change the world in the future. While people in the past saw children as a way to change the world while they were children. In the late seventeenth century, industrialization arose in England ushering in a new era of industry in our world. More industry means more workers, including children. With the rise of industrialization in a nation, child laborers are viciously abused due to their niche roles in productionRead MoreThe Problem of Child Labor Essay3155 Words   |  13 Pagesthen or not, he was also bringing a new connotation and worldwide innuendo to the term child labor. Child labor, is a term that will probably never be clearly defined. The World Book Encyclopedia states it to be simply the employment of children (defined as people under the age of 18) as wage earners. There is nothing grossly inhumane in the relatively fair and articulate definition. Yet, in her Child Labor: Then and Now , Laura Greene claims it is the abuse and misuse of children at work.Read MoreChild Labor Policy Essay2637 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Since the beginning of time, child labor has been a very complex issue in the United States. â€Å"Child labor refers to work that impedes children’s access to education and is harmful to their physical, mental, moral, developmental, and social well-being† (Schmitz, Traver, Larson, Pieris, 2004, p. 1). Exploitation from cruel to harmful is considered and reported as child labor. A child is a person under eighteen years of age, according to the Rights of the Child convention of 1989 (Schmitz et alRead MoreChild Labor Reform Movement Essay1820 Words   |  8 Pagessome individuals to question whether child labor was right. The growing sense that this new industrial child labor might be wrong developed a reform movement. The National Child Labor Committee was an idea that came from Florence Kelley and Lillian Wald of New York’s Henry Street Settlement. The National Child Labor Committee task was to investigate child labor and its related problems. The photographer , Lewis Wickes Hine, was hired by the National Child Labor Committee to field studies and photographRead MoreEssay Child Labor During The Industrial Revolution969 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 18 and beginning of the 19th century in certain regions of the U.S child labor made up more than 40 percent of the population (Wolensky). That’s almost half of the working population. Since the beginning of time children have always been known to help their families with domestic tasks. Most of these kids worked in factories because they were easy to control and paid less than adults. Kids earned less than half of what adults made in the work force. In these factories they usually cleanedRead More Child Labor Essay1039 Words   |  5 Pages Child Labor nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Child Labor, refers to the economically active population under the age of fifteen years old, who are employed in various industries (Grootaert, 2). Recently, child labor has become a large topic of debate; however, in most cases, it is very unfavorable. The perception that globalization is leading towards the exploitation of children, is becoming an important problem for international business. In my opinion, child labor should be eradicated. It is notRead MoreEssay On Child Labor1679 Words   |  7 PagesChild labor was a staple during the Urbanization of the United States of America. Fresh out of a bloody Civil War that took the lives of at least 618,000. Child labor was very dangerous. Especially in the steel mills because of the lack of safety equipment. It was also very dangerous because the children laborers were very young for the jobs they were doing for such cheap pay. Anywhere between 12-16 years old. Since they were all very young they were not v ery strong. So due to them being weak, youngRead MoreChild Labor Essay952 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"In 1900, 18 percent of all American workers were under the age of 16† (â€Å"Child Labor†). This was during the end of the Gilded Age, when child labor was problem and was starting to be a major one. Child labor started because of poverty when children worked to support their families but were forced to give up education. Children could work long hours in dangerous positions for little money. Child labor continues because children have little power to complain or stand up for themselves to adults, their

Consistent Performer in the Market

Question: Explain about the Next plc is a consistent performer in the market but the Debenhams is gradually losing their position? Answer: Criterion 1 Tesco plc is one of the largest plc among the retail sectors in UK. The company incorporated in the year 1919 in a small town of London. It has a large collection of women wear and accessories. The company is now operating almost 12 countries in the world. The following income statement is extracted from the annual report of TESCO for the year 2013 and 2014. The table shows that there is some change in the figures for both the years. Consolidated income statement of TESCO plc Particulars 2014( m) 2013 ( m) Change Continuing operations Revenue 63,557 63,406 151 Cost of sales -59,547 -59,252 295 Gross profit 4,010 4,154 -144 Profit and losses arising on property-related items 278 -290 568 Administrative expenses -1,657 -1,482 175 Operating profit 2,631 2,382 249 Finance income 132 120 12 share of post tax profit of joint venture and associate 60 72 -12 Finance cost -564 -517 47 Profit before tax 2,259 2,057 202 Taxation -347 -529 -182 profit for the year from continuing operation 1,912 1,528 384 Discontinued operation Loss from the discontinued operations -942 -1,504 -562 Profit of the year 970 24 946 Attributed to Owners of the parent 974 28 946 Non controlling interest -4 -4 970 24 946 Note: here the change of the figures includes both increase and decline. The positive change includes the increase in the figure from the previous year, and the negative change includes the decrease in the figure from the previous year. Probable reasons for changes Change in revenue The revenue has increased by 151 m. The reason should be either increase in the selling price of the product or increase in the number of units to be sold. Revenue includes some other incomes apart from the sales. It may increase due to some realization of cash from debtors or any other income that may drive in the particular year (Annual report, 2014). Change in cost of goods sold The cost of sales of in the year 2014 has also increased. It indicates that the total cost of producing and selling the product is increased. The reason may be inflation due to which the price increases adoption of new technology in the production process or due to the need of making a quality product in order to compete in the market (Anon, 2013). Change in gross profit The gross profit in the year 2014 has declined by 144 m. The reason that is visible from the annual report is the increase in the cost of goods sold. Though the revenue has also increased but from the above table it is shown that the increases in the revenue is less than the cost increases, so there is a decline in the gross profit. Change in profit and loss of property In the income statement, this change is a positive one, and the change is mainly due to the change in the market price of the assets. If the asset that is sold in the market is very old then its written down value is also very low, and the disposal value create a loss on the sale. Change in administrative expenses It is also a positive change. It means the expenses relating to the salary, office maintenance, etc. increases compared to the previous year. Change in operating profit The company shows a good sign by increasing the operating profit in spite of declining gross profit. The main reason for increasing the operating profit is that in the year 2014 the company has a profit on the sale of property that offset the reduction in gross profit due to more cost of sales. Change in financial income The financial income of the company has increased due to the increase in the interest receivable and the income from cash and cash equivalents. Change in finance cost The finance cost for the current year has increased because the company has to pay more amounts of bank interest and net pension financial cost. Moreover, the interest payment on USD bond is also high in the present year (Shim and Siegel, 2008). Change in PBT The above table represents a positive trend of profit before tax. The probable reason of increasing PBT is due to the increase in operating profits and increase in finance income. Change in tax expense The tax expense is reduced in this year whereas the profit before tax is more. The reason should be a change in the tax rate, or the company may get some rebate or subsidy in this year (Shim, 2009). Change in net profit From the income statement, it is found that there is a drastic change in the net profit of the company. In the year 2013 the net profit was only 24 m, and it has changed to 970 m in the year 2014. The revenue from operation in 2013 is lower than 2014, but the gross profit was high. The main reason for low profit in 2013 is due to heavy loss from its discontinued business. This loss also existed in 2014, but the amount was very high in 2013. Moreover, the taxation expenses were also very high in 2013. These two reasons probably be the main reason for increasing the net profit in 2014 (Zimmerman and Yahya-Zadeh, 2011). Criterion 2 The breakeven point is the point of the output level of a business concern during a certain period at which total sales revenue is exactly equal to the total cost. In other words, it is that point that breaks the total cost and the sales value evenly to show the level of output or sales at which there arises neither profit nor loss (Hoque, 2005). The breakeven point can be better understandable by the following example: Suppose ABC Limited has manufactured a certain product "M" and the information related to that particular product is as follows Selling price $ 20 Variable cost $ 12 Total fixed cost $ 80000 Present output and sales 20000 units Therefore the breakeven point of the product is = (Fixed cost / PV ratio) = (80000/40%) = $ 200000 (BEP in value) = BEP in value / selling price per unit = 200000/20 = 10000 units Following is a chart which represents the detail analysis of the BEP Outputs (units) Variable cost per unit($) Total variable cost($) Total fixed cost($) Total cost ($) Selling price per unit($) Total sales ($) Total profit($) 0 12 0 80000 80000 20 0 -80000 2000 12 24000 80000 104000 20 40000 -64000 4000 12 48000 80000 128000 20 80000 -48000 6000 12 72000 80000 152000 20 120000 -32000 8000 12 96000 80000 176000 20 160000 -16000 10000 12 120000 80000 200000 20 200000 0 12000 12 144000 80000 224000 20 240000 16000 14000 12 168000 80000 248000 20 280000 32000 16000 12 192000 80000 272000 20 320000 48000 18000 12 216000 80000 296000 20 360000 64000 20000 12 240000 80000 320000 20 400000 80000 Explanation From the above table, it is clear that at 10000 units of output the company is having a no profit and no loss situation. At 10000 units, the contribution is just sufficient to meet the total fixed cost. Again, then both the fixed and variable cost can be recovered exactly from the sales revenue without leaving any surplus or deficit (Shapiro and Sarin, 2009). Fixed cost is that type of cost which is remaining same at every level of activity even if there is no production. So it is the part of cost that is fixed in total (Hansen and Mowen, 2006). Now at this point of time if the company can produce more output then per unit fixed cost will be reduced and the company will start to generate more profit. On the other hand, the variable part of the cost varies with the change in the production outputs, and if there is no production, there will not be any variable cost. Now if any company cannot be able to earn that much of revenue to recover its cost, then it will face a loss and ultimate ly tends to the shutdown point. So it is very necessary to produce at least that much of product which can recover its total cost. In the above table, it is observed that before reaching to the breakeven point the company is facing a loss as its total cost cannot be recovered at that much of production and sales. At the breakeven point, the profit and loss are equal to zero because the sales revenue is exactly offset by the total cost of the company (Groot and Selto, 2013). After the breakeven level i.e. after 10000 units the company started to earn a profit and as the number of the unit increases the amount of profit is also increases. The main reason is at 10000 units the company recovers whole of its fixed cost and after that level it has to incur only the variable cost as the variable cost is proportionate to the selling unit, so the profit is also growing. So the breakeven point helps a company to understand the number of the unit that they must produce in order to continue the business. It gives a bird eye view of the profitability and the other affairs of the product (Drs. Sugijanto, 2013). Workings Note 1 Statement showing the contribution and PV ratio Particulars Amount ($) Sales 400000 Less : variable cost 240000 Contribution 160000 Less : fixed cost 80000 Profit 80000 Note 2 PV ratio = (contribution / sales) Contribution 160000 Sales 400000 PV ratio 40% Section 3 criterion 3 Investment appraisal techniques Investment appraisal technique is nothing but the capital investment decision. The techniques are used to evaluate the investment proposals in fixed assets or any other expansion activities. There are several appraisal techniques which either incorporate the time value of money or does not consider that factor. With the help of those techniques it is possible for the company to judge the feasibility of the investment make (Eun and Resnick, 2007). Following Illustration can help to understand how different investment techniques can help in decision making: IC Company has $ 200000 to invest. The following proposals are under consideration. The cost of capital for the company is estimated to be 15%. Project Initial outlay($) Annual cash flow($) Life of the project(Years) A 100000 25000 10 B 70000 20000 8 C 30000 6000 20 D 50000 15000 10 E 50000 12000 20 Present Value of annuity received is as follows: 8 years 4.6586 10 years 5.179 20 Years 6.3345 Now the above investment proposals can be analyzed by the following techniques Net Present value PI Projects life of the project( years) PV factor (15%) Annual cash inflow (constant)($) PV cash inflow ($) Initial outlay ($) NPV ($) PI A 10 5.179 25000 129475 100000 29475 1.29475 B 8 4.6586 20000 93172 70000 23172 1.331029 C 20 6.3345 6000 38007 30000 8007 1.2669 D 10 5.179 15000 77685 50000 27685 1.5537 E 20 6.3345 12000 76014 50000 26014 1.52028 Here Net present value of proposals= PV of cash inflow- Initial investment Profitability index (PI) = PV of cash inflow/ Initial investment Post payback profitability Project Initial outlay ($) Annual cash inflow (constant)($) Payback period (years) life of the project (years) post payback period (years) post pay back profitability ( $) A 100000 25000 4 10 6 150000 B 70000 20000 3.5 8 4.5 90000 C 30000 6000 5 20 15 90000 D 50000 15000 3.33 10 6.67 100000 E 50000 12000 4.17 20 15.83 190000 Here payback period = (Initial investment / Constant annual cash flow) Post payback period = life of the project PB period Post payback profitability = Constant annual cash inflow * post payback period Decision making In investment appraisal process each and every techniques has its own decision making criteria. It may be happened the most viable project under one technique gets second or third rank under another technique. For example in case of above proposals the ranking of the projects are Rank NPV PI Post payback Profitability 1 A D E 2 D E A 3 E B D 4 B A B C 5 C C - Under the NPV method the total cash flow from the project is discounted at its present value and then the initial investment of the project is deducted from that present value. If the result is positive then the project will be accepted and if it is negative then the project will be rejected. In the above example all the projects are having positive value so they are ranked according to the highest NPV as it will give highest surplus. As the company is having $ 200000 to invest so it can select project A, D and E (Granlund, Mouritsen and Vaassen, 2013). The profitability index technique is actually the benefit cost ratio derived from a project. If the PI is more than 1 then the project is accepted. If the proposals are mutually exclusive then the highest positive PI will be given highest rank. In the above example with $ 200000 in hand the company can invest in project D, E, B and a part of project A if the project is divisible (Peterson, Fabozzi and Habegger, 2004). The post payback profitability is the measurement through which it can be known that what would be the amount of profit earned from a project after recovering its initial outlay. The payback period indicate the time within which the initial investment will be recovered. The more post payback period the more will be the profit. So as per the post payback profitability the company should invest in project E, A and D (RIEDL and SRINIVASAN, 2010). There are other techniques also which can be used for the measurement, but here the commonly used techniques are considered. As the decision criteria may differ under different techniques a company should fixed one or two standard technique as per the industry standard in order to get a proper result and to avoid confusion (Danthine and Donaldson, 2005). Criterion 3 Accounting ratios are the mathematical measurement through which the financial stability, profitability and the solvency position of the company is ascertained. The ratios are calculated from the information available in the annual report (Hubbard, 2008). Here two companies from the retail sector of UK is taken into consideration and some useful ratios are calculated for three consecutive years from the data collected from their annual reports. Ratio analysis Next Plc Debenhams Plc 2014 2013 2012 2014 2013 2012 Liquidity Ratios Current assets 1468.1 1207.8 1139.9 486.3 470.5 459.5 Current liabilities 834.5 816 742.4 758 741.9 727 Current Ratio 1.75925704 1.480147 1.5354256 0.6416 0.6342 0.63205 Quick assets 1082.5 876 768 140.6 112.6 127.2 Quick Liabilities 831.9 810.6 734.8 534.2 506 563.6 Quick Ratio 1.30123813 1.080681 1.0451824 0.2632 0.2225 0.225692 Efficiency ratio Total asset 2144.6 1893.6 1854.2 2148.4 2132.8 2091.2 Revenue 3740 3562 3441.1 2312.7 2282.2 2229.8 Asset Turnover Ratio 1.74391495 1.881073 1.8558408 1.0765 1.07 1.066278 Receivables 808 718.1 699.1 74.7 78.3 75.4 Revenue 3740 3562 3441.1 2312.7 2282.2 2229.8 Receivable turnover 4.62871287 4.960312 4.9221857 30.96 29.147 29.57294 Receivable collection period 78.855615 73.58408 74.15405 11.789 12.523 12.34236 payables 594 537.2 545 529.3 545.8 525.4 Cost of goods sold 2499.9 2437 2395.8 2033.4 1982.6 1927.5 Payable payment turnover 4.20858586 4.536485 4.3959633 3.8417 3.6325 3.668633 Payable payment period 86.7274691 80.45876 83.03072 95.011 100.48 99.49209 Inventories 385.6 331.8 371.9 345.7 357.9 332.3 Cost of goods sold 2499.9 2437 2395.8 2033.4 1982.6 1927.5 Inventory turnover 6.48314315 7.344786 6.4420543 5.882 5.5395 5.800481 Inventory Turnover period 56.299852 49.69512 56.658945 62.054 65.89 62.92581 EBIT 720.5 690.9 604.7 118.8 149.9 170.1 Interest 25.3 24.4 25.2 13 10.9 11.8 Interest Coverage Ratio 28.4782609 28.31557 23.996032 9.1385 13.752 14.41525 Debt 1023.9 792 889.1 623 646.5 703.2 Equity 286.2 285.6 16623 767.4 744.4 661 Financial Gearing ratio 3.57756813 2.773109 0.0534861 0.8118 0.8685 1.063843 Equity 286.2 285.6 222.7 764.4 744.4 661 Total asset 2144.6 1893.6 1854.2 2148.4 2132.8 2091.2 Equity Gearing ratio 0.13345146 0.150824 0.1201057 0.3558 0.349 0.316086 Profitability Ratios Gross Profit 1240 1125 1045.3 279.3 299.6 302.3 Revenue 3740 3562.8 3441.1 2312.7 2282.2 2229.8 Gross profit ratio 33.2% 31.6% 30.4% 12.1% 13.1% 13.6% Operating profit 722.8 695.1 601.8 128.6 155.4 175 Revenue 3740 3562.8 3441.1 2312.7 2282.2 2229.8 Operating Profit Ratio 19.3% 19.5% 17.5% 5.6% 6.8% 7.8% Net Profit 553.2 508.6 474.8 87.2 115.9 125.3 Revenue 3740 3562.8 3441.1 2312.7 2282.2 2229.8 Net Profit Ratio 14.79% 14.28% 13.80% 3.8% 5.1% 5.6% (Nextplc.co.uk, 2014) From the above ratio analysis following points can be discussed Liquidity ratio indicates the liquidity position of a firm. Liquidity means the ability to pay cash and cash equivalents when it is required. Liquidity is necessary for smooth running of a business. Poor liquidity position hampers the credit policy of the firm as they may not be able to pay their creditors due in time. On the other side the firm may able to capture new market opportunities if its liquidity position is high. Current ratio and quick ratio are the two important ratios measure the liquidity position (Magiera, 2010). In next plc the current asset ratio is more than 1 but not as much as it should be. It is also in the increasing trend from which it may be predicted that very soon they may reach to the ideal form. In case of current ratio also the Debenhams Company produces a negative image as the current ratio fall below 1. It means the company has more current liabilities to pay than its available current assets (CHEN, MITTENDORF and ZHANG, 2010). Quick ratio as the name indicates is the proportion between the quick assets and quick liabilities. Next plc has moderate quick ratio which is also more than 1. In Debenhams the quick ratio is too low almost 0.22. This clearly indicates that the company is suffering by liquidity crunch (Nextplc.co.uk, 2012). Debenhams Company has a good receivable and payable management policy (Annualreports.com, 2014). The overall condition of the Debenhams is deteriorating as all the ratios are below the standard (Annualreports.com, 2012). The quick ratio of both companies are very low because they have blocked a large amount in inventories they have bank overdraft balances which is also a financial burden (Annualreports.com, 2013). The liquidity, solvency and profitability position of the Next Plc is better than the other one (Nextplc.co.uk, 2013). So from the total discussion made it can be concluded that Next plc is a consistent performer in the market but the Debenhams is gradually losing their position, So they need to focus more on their activities. Lastly it should be remembered that ratio is one of the tools of performance analysis but it is not the only tool, so the other factors should also be considered before giving any final decision. References Annual report. (2014). [online] Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/files/pdf/reports/ar14/download_annual_repor [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. Annualreports.com, (2012).Debenhams plc - AnnualReports.com. [online] Available at: https://www.annualreports.com/Company/debenhams-plc [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. Annualreports.com, (2013).Debenhams plc - AnnualReports.com. [online] Available at: https://www.annualreports.com/Company/debenhams-plc [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. Annualreports.com, (2014).Debenhams plc - AnnualReports.com. [online] Available at: https://www.annualreports.com/Company/debenhams-plc [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. Anon, (2013). [online] Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/files/pdf/reports/ar13/download_annual_repor [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. CHEN, Q., MITTENDORF, B. and ZHANG, Y. (2010). Endogenous Accounting Bias when Decision Making and Control Interact*.Contemporary Accounting Research, 27(4), pp.1063-1091. Danthine, J. and Donaldson, J. (2005).Intermediate financial theory. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Drs. Sugijanto, D. (2013). Decentralization Analysis of Decision Making and Performance of Accounting Control System.IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 10(1), pp.8-11. Eun, C. and Resnick, B. (2007).International financial management. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Granlund, M., Mouritsen, J. and Vaassen, E. (2013). On the relations between modern information technology, decision making and management control.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 14(4), pp.275-277. Groot, T. and Selto, F. (2013).Advanced management accounting. Harlow, England: Pearson. Hansen, D. and Mowen, M. (2006).Cost management. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. Hoque, Z. (2005).Handbook of cost management accounting. London: Spiramus. Hubbard, J. (2008). Financial Statement Analysis.CFA Digest, 38(1), pp.59-61. Magiera, F. (2010). Financial Statement Analysis.CFA Digest, 40(1), pp.85-86. Nextplc.co.uk, (2012).Next Plc. [online] Available at: https://www.nextplc.co.uk [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. Nextplc.co.uk, (2013).Next Plc. [online] Available at: https://www.nextplc.co.uk [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. Nextplc.co.uk, (2014).Next Plc. [online] Available at: https://www.nextplc.co.uk [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. Peterson, P., Fabozzi, F. and Habegger, W. (2004).Financial management and analysis workbook. New York: Wiley. RIEDL, E. and SRINIVASAN, S. (2010). Signaling Firm Performance Through Financial Statement Presentation: An Analysis Using Special Items*.Contemporary Accounting Research, 27(1), pp.289-332. Shapiro, A. and Sarin, A. (2009).Foundations of multinational financial management. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Shim, J. (2009).Financial management of multinational corporations. London: Global. Shim, J. and Siegel, J. (2008).Financial management. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Barron's Educational Series. Zimmerman, J. and Yahya-Zadeh, M. (2011). Accounting for Decision Making and Control.Issues in Accounting Education, 26(1), pp.258-259.

Different Types of Leadership Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Review of Different Types of Leadership. Answer: Literature Review According to Nanjundeswaraswamy Swamy (2014), the leaders that lack in supervising the employees falls under the category of Laissez-Faire, as the employees do not provide feedbacks to the leaders. Most of the employees are trained and experienced and know what their responsibilities are within the organization. Zhu et al. (2013) also stated that the leaders also make their decisions based on the feedbacks that they get from the employees, which helps them in controlling the employees so that they can be managed in a better manner in the work place. The autocratic style of leadership as per the author helps the leaders in monitoring the work of the employees. The authors Choi, Kim Kang (2017) have recently stated that the participative style of leadership is best suited for the organization, as the leaders are able to take better decisions based on the feedbacks that are provided by the employees. The decisions that are taken are mainly positive in nature, which helps in boosting t he morale of the employees. The authors were also of the view that transactional style of leadership rewards as well as punish the employees according to the responsibilities that they are carrying out within the organization. The transformational style of leadership according to Zhu et al. (2013) is better, as the leaders focus on a better level of communication, which helps the employees in achieving the goals that are set by the company. These leaders try to motivate the employees on a constant manner by communicating efficiently with them. References Choi, S. B., Kim, K., Kang, S. W. (2017). Effects of transformational and shared leadership styles on employees' perception of team effectiveness.Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal,45(3), 377-386. Nanjundeswaraswamy, T. S., Swamy, D. R. (2014). Leadership styles.Advances in management,7(2), 57. Zhu, W., Newman, A., Miao, Q., Hooke, A. (2013). Revisiting the mediating role of trust in transformational leadership effects: Do different types of trust make a difference?.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), 94-105.

Key Drivers of Chinas Rapid Economic Growth and the Global Impacts

Introduction China has amazed the whole world at large because of the tremendous growth in its economy (Chow, 2005, p.123). Although China has a very large population, the Chinese people have proved to the entire world that they can be very hard working. Recent research shows that it comes second after the super powers United States of America in terms of the economy defeating countries like Japan, Russia, India and other developed countries. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Key Drivers of China’s Rapid Economic Growth and the Global Impacts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the past 30 years, that is from the year 1979 China’s growth has been averaged to a rate of ten percent per annum, which shows a very great improvement(Mamdani,2008,p.1). China is also the largest exporter in the world exporting a wide variety of commodities such as agricultural commodities like rice , machinery, electronics, nuclear weapons and textiles just to mention but a few. Other than just exporting it is the second largest importer of goods majorly from Japan, Taiwan and South Korea (Martin, 2006, p.1). China’s major imports include; oil, minerals, plastics, other machinery it lacks and many others. This therefore is enough evidence that China is good at trading with many trading partners all over the world (PTI, 2006, p.12). This paper will therefore discuss the key factors that contributed to the rapid economic growth and how the rapid growth has affected other nations of the world (Xinyu, 2009, p.1). Reforms made by China Three decades ago that is in the year 1978; China was ranked the tenth country from the top in terms of economy. At that time it had a Gross Domestic Product of US$150 billion (Breslin, 2009, p.1). This was very low since it was only 6 percent of the Gross Domestic Product of the United States of America. However, in the year 1979 China made reforms in its economy an d began to improve from that time at a rate of 10 percent per annum. The major goal of the Chinese Government was to make the economy independent and self-sufficient. Some of the reforms made included: The government wanted to encourage both imports and exports into and out of the country (Fogel, 2009, p.1). Therefore the government accorded farmers permission to sell their products to private merchandisers in the country. The prices of commodities were tremendously reduced so as to attract investors from foreign countries. The government also gave financial incentives so that the citizens could be able to make investments in foreign countries. The government also made reforms in the cities and coastal parts of the country and assigned them to be developmental areas (Chow, 2005, p.123).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Factors that contributed to China’s rapid growth The reforms made during that time by the government are the ones that influenced the economic development of the country (McDouglas, 2009, p.2). Therefore the key factors that led to the rapid growth in China’s economy after the reforms included the following; Availability of cheap labor China is highly populated. Therefore the presence of the large number of the human capital which was of high quality was a great advantage to the government. This is because the people were willing to work despite the low wage rate that they were being offered (Arora, 2005.87). The government took this as an advantage and made great use of the available workforce to improve its economy. Investment in Technology The government made investments in the education system such that it involved technological training sessions. It emphasized on teaching of industrial method in schools. This was advantageous as it made the schools produce graduates who were endowed with technological knowledge. The r esulting graduates therefore worked in the manufacturing sectors of the economy and thus led to the improvement of the quantity and quality of outputs (Grumbine, 2007, p.1). Due to this the country was able to increase its exports and as a result improving the state’s economy. Reforms in the agricultural sector Agriculture is among the top most sectors of China’s economy. Research has indicated that the agricultural sector of China results to 60 percent of its Gross Domestic Product hence being a determining factor of the state’s economy (Breslin, 2009, p.1). China produces the highest quantity of rice in the world. It also produces other agricultural products such as wheat, cotton, maize and tobacco which is exported thus the government earning foreign exchange. Foreign investment in technology China has invested greatly in technology leading to production of high quality products. In a bid to achieve this, it imported advanced machinery, plant and production f acilities from trading with other countries (Martin, 2006, p.1). The investment in these facilities advances the technology of the country hence improving the quality and quantity of products produced. China’s commodities are among the top most sophisticated products in the world hence attracting investors from other countries. It is because of this that the total factor in productivity of China has grown by 4 percent per annum.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Key Drivers of China’s Rapid Economic Growth and the Global Impacts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The government policies The government implemented policies that were driven to achieving economic growth at a fast rate (Fogel, 2009, p.1). The government reallocated resources in different sectors of the state hence making them run well financially. After the allocation of resources the government privatized them so as to ensure efficient r unning and high productivity unlike when they were run by the state. Domestic and International demand This is also a factor that made China improve in terms of the economy. The large population it has also increases the demand for its products and in turn the supply (Grumbine, 2007, p.1). The world at large has a great demand for China’s products because of their affordability and quality hence making it produce more and more products. Impacts of China’s economic growth The rapid growth in China’s economy has led to so many implications both positive and negative (Omvedt, 2005, p.50). These effects have been felt by most countries of the world include Asia as a continent. However, the rapid economic development of China seems to have more positive implications compared to the negative ones (Song, 2010, p.1). As a matter of fact the growth in China’s economy led to availability of opportunities in trading system of the world. This comes about because of the availability of large markets for trading in a variety of commodities. The presence of human capital that is readily available and cheap is also a positive impact to the nations of the world (Humphrey, 2004, p.23). This is because other countries that have manufacturing procedures that demand a large amount of labor move their processing procedures to do them in China where labor is cheap and available. Once this is done the resulting product have low prices hence attracting more consumers. The result of shifting manufacturing procedures to China has a negative impact in that it leads to loss of manufacturing jobs in the domestic countries. It therefore a problem as such nations does not get the opportunity to grow in terms of technology. Due to the rapid economic growth, China has been able to take advantage in the trading market therefore making its imports expensive while the exports are cheaper. Most nations blame this on the currency policy of China (Taylor, 2007, p.68). A dvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This has a negative impact on the other trading partners as they are disadvantaged and oppressed when it comes to earning their foreign exchange. Because of this the other trading partners of China have raised concerns through introduction of bills to address the issue of China’s currency (Arora, 2005, p.67). As China tries to grow economically, it is also competing to be the best in the world. This has led to it wanting to acquire the very large companies in the foreign countries. It is thus threatening the developed countries like the United States of America which is the world’s super power. Another impact as a result of the rapid economic growth of China has been brought about by the high demand it has for the raw materials it uses in processing. Energy is among the major raw materials or factors of production. The high demand it has for such commodities makes it able to dictate the prices of the commodities. Since it has a high demand then they are able to purcha se them even at the highest cost since they greatly need them for production (Mamdani, 2008, p.1). As a result, this affects the other countries that demand the same product but are not in a position to acquire them at that price. China may also deplete the sources of the raw materials since they acquire in large quantities hence threatening their existence. Since China imports minerals and energy from Australia, the rapid development of its economy has a positive impact on the economy of Australia. This is because as the rate of production increases so does the demand for energy and minerals, thus increase in the quantities purchased. As it purchases more, Australia earns more foreign exchange which leads to tremendous growth in its Gross Domestic Product. Conclusion From the aforementioned factors of China’s economic growth and their impacts it can be concluded that China has undergone a great revolution. This revolution can however be accounted on the reforms made by the government of China in the year 1978. However, there are problems that are rising to counteract the economic growth. Among these challenges we have lack of skilled labor and the increasing rates in labor, these are posing a great threat to the manufacturing sector as it depends on them. This effect also will affect the other foreign countries that have invested in China and as a result posing a great danger in the world at large (Breslin, 2009, p.1). China can therefore be said to be holding the economy of the whole world at large and therefore any arising issues of China become of concern to the whole world. Lastly, it can be said that the reforms that the Chinese government did are the major contributing factors to the current economic state of the country (Hertel, 2004, p.84). Bibliography Arora, V. (2005). China’s Economic Growth: International Spillovers. Journal of Economics, pp. 52- 109 Breslin, S. (2009). China’s Place in the World. Available from, http://www. isj.org.uk/index.php4?id=573issue=123 Chow, G. (2005). Globalization and China’s Economic and Financial Development. New York. Wadsworth Publishing. Fogel, R. (2009). China’s Expected Economy by 2040. Available from, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/01/04/123000000000000 Grumbine, E. (2007). China’s Emergence and Prospects for Global Sustainability. Available from, http://www.britannica.com/bps/additionalcontent/18/24482074/Chinas-Emergence-and-the-Prospects-for-Global-Sustainability Hertel, T. (2004). Global Impacts of China’s Economic Growth. California. Barnes Noble. Humphrey, J. (2006). The Implications of China’s Growth for other Asian Countries. Journal of Management, pp. 12-37 Mamdani, B. (2008). The Impact of China’s One-Child Policy. Available from, http://www.issuesinmedicalethics.org/143ss106.html Martin, F. (2006). China’s Contribution to World Economy. Available from, http://np.china-embassy.org/eng/Economy Trade/bd/t167673.htm McDouglas, M. (2009). Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run: The Policy Problems of Rapid Growth are Changing. Available from, http://www.oecd.org/document/50/0,3343,en_2649_33731_40279026_1_1_1_1,00.html Omvedt G. (2005). Women in governance in South Asia. Econ Pol Weekly: 40: 4746-52. PTI. (2006). China to address gender imbalance. Business Standard, Pune edition, July 13 p. 12. Song, L. (2010). The Scale of China’s Economic Impact. Available from, The scale of China’s economic impact Taylor, J. (2007). China’s Exchange Rate and its Effect on Global Economics. Journal Of Management, pp. 45-171 Xinyu, M. (2009). China Brings More Economic Opportunities to World. Available from, http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90780/91421/6865337.html This essay on Key Drivers of China’s Rapid Economic Growth and the Global Impacts was written and submitted by user Darian Lott to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Analyze the Structure of the Sample Analysis

Analyze the Structure of the Sample AnalysisBefore the test, you have to prepare yourself with the sample of the Sampl analytic essay. For instance, if you analyze the structure of the essay, you will know that the Sampl analyzes the structure of the literary works. Since the purpose of the Sampl analytic essay is to analyze the structure, so you should be able to analyze the structure of the narrative, analysis of the argument.The Sampl analyzes the structure by the use of rhetorical devices. After analyzing the structure, he uses different rhetorics to bring out the main point of the essay. In other words, the Rhetoric in the Sampl analyzes the literary works so that the author can explain the meaning of the literary works to the reader. By using the analytical techniques, you can read the text clearly.In a particular paragraph, the author uses rhetorical devices that are related to the topic to establish the theme of the chapter. You must understand the use of the rhetorical devic es as well as the issues related to the rhetorical devices. Although some rhetorical devices are common for all the literary works, but they are not always easy to use in the sample analysis. In that sense, you should also study the whole structure of the entire work. Then, you can analyze the overall structure of the sample analysis.If you analyze the structure of the poetry, you will know that the Sampl analyzes the structure of the literary works. By analyzing the structure, you will know that you need to have the idea of the literary works. In other words, you have to have the idea that the work is a literary work or a philosophical work.As a matter of fact, you will know that the literary works have logical issues. There are logical issues in a literary work and you need to be careful when using the analytical techniques in analyzing the structure of the sample analysis.For instance, in the sample analysis, the author analyzes the issue of the number of pages in the chapter. Fo r instance, if the topic is the connection between a metaphysical work, the authors use different ways to connect the thesis with the conclusion of the thesis. Also, you will know that the author may use different rhetorical devices for the whole chapter and for some issues. For instance, when the topic is the time, the author uses different figures of speech.In other words, you have to analyze the structure of the sample analysis by analyzing the elements. For instance, you have to analyze the issue of the argument in the work. In this way, you will know that you need to analyze the structure of the entire work.In order to analyze the structure of the sample analysis, you should know the principle of the analysis of the rhetorical devices. This principle means that, the author usually uses different tools for analyzing the forms of language. In this case, you can use the grammatical rules and the structure of the rhetorical devices and combine the analytical techniques.

How does a country recover from 40 years of destruction by an unchallenged tyrant

How does a country recover from 40 years of destruction by an unchallenged tyrant The author of the article, Dirk Vandewalle, is a professor at Dartmouth College. The article, ‘After Gaddafi: How does a country recover from 40 years of destruction by an unchallenged tyrant?’ analyzes the events going on in Libya after Colonel Gaddafi. The article first appeared in The Daily Beast on February 27.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on How does a country recover from 40 years of destruction by an unchallenged tyrant? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vandewalle borrows much of his reasoning from his previous works on ‘A History of Modern Libya’. The book discussed the life of Libyans and state of affairs in Libya under Gaddafi. The article evaluates available political solutions that can be applied in restructuring Libyan institutions in the modern world. The article offers insight to Libyan elites as regards to leadership. The paper links Gaddafi’s dictatorship with the w orst revolution experienced in the world. The article talks about the rise and fall of Gaddafi, who was a self-styled dictator. The essay observes that Gaddafi took over power through bloodless coup and went ahead to eliminate all forms of opposition to his regime. The fallen leader became aggressive after being inspired by Libya’s hero referred to as Omar al-Mukhtar, who was a Cyrenaican tribal chief. Italians assassinated the hero in 1931, something that did not auger well with Gaddafi. Gaddafi developed a negative attitude towards the West leading to a deadly attack in 1986, when Americans bombed parts of his kingdom. The West disliked Gaddafi because of his proposal of uniting the African continent and the Arab world. After taking over power in 1969, Gaddafi was faced with one big problem of uniting a state divided on tribal lines. He adopted a policy that would see off his opponents. He embarked on torture as one way of scaring political activists in the state. Indeed, m any people lost their lives, forcing others to fly out of the country. Political dissidents were further hunted in foreign lands, and were being referred to as dogs. Some normalcy and constancy was witnessed after 1992, when Gaddafi agreed to engage the West in oil trade.Advertising Looking for article on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The collapsing oil market was quickly reinstated and some political freedoms were granted to Libyans. However, Gaddafi never allowed active political. The article posits that Gaddafi’s son, Saif al-Islam, tried to urge his father to open up and allow some criticism, which he succeeded. Saif became the darling of the West because he was against his father’s style of rule and life style. The article ends by asserting that Libyans never wanted to be told anything related to Gaddafi’s regime after the uprising. This means that they were fed up w ith dictatorship and autocratic rule. Unfortunately, even Saif could not do anything to salvage his besieged father, because people could not listen to him anymore. In fact, he was likened to his father implying that he was in danger too. The paper discusses some of the important issues as regards to Gaddafi’s leadership and the position of Libya in the international system. The main point discussed is Gaddafi’s leadership style, which was disregarded by many people in the state. The leader was intolerant to criticism implying that no opposition was to be launched against his regime (Vandewalle, 2011). It is not surprising that when the uprising kicked off, he perceived demonstrators as mad individuals trying to fulfill their selfish interests. He went ahead to order the military to intervene. He wanted to silence the opposition completely but Western powers thwarted his plans. Another important point discussed in the article is Libya’s foreign policy during Gad dafi’s regime. Libya had been left in the cold for many years, leading to economic hardships and social sufferings. Oil was no longer sold to the Western countries because of economic sanctions imposed on Gaddafi’s regime.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on How does a country recover from 40 years of destruction by an unchallenged tyrant? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper is resourceful because it offers some chronological account to the rise and fall of Gaddafi. The paper explains to the reader clearly why Gaddafi failed and how he gained governmental power and authority. However, the writer’s findings are misplaced because he argues that Libya needs to choose the model it wishes to employ in restructuring government. Presently, Libya does not have any political and economic freedom because the West dictates everything. The writer does not consider external influence that is too powerfu l. Conversely, the article does not consider the interests of various Western powers such as France, USA, Britain and Russia that are all staged in Libya for selfish interests. The writer is misled by the notion that each state is independent and sovereign. This is usually not the case since the more powerful states impose ideas on the less influential states in the international system. It can be concluded that the material provides readers with enough historical data as regards to the rise and fall of Gaddafi. It also gives readers important information on the way forward for Libyans. However, the article cannot be relied on for critical analysis of events taking place in Libya. The uprisings are being caused by one major factor, which is oil. The Western powers want oil from the Middle East states and the only way of accessing it is through overthrowing uncooperative leaders like Gaddafi. Reference Vandewalle, D. (2011). After Gaddafi: How does a country recover from 40 years of destruction by an unchallenged tyrant? The Daily Beast. Retrieved from https://www.thedailybeast.com/Advertising Looking for article on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More